Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 10 Articles
Technical advances in recent years have made the application of controlled low temperatures a feasible proposition in many branches of surgery. The benefits of cold have been appreciated for many thousands of years. In the last decade there has been a proliferation of reports on the uses of cryotherapy; nevertheless, many of the applications are still experimental, or await the test of time. Cryotherapy is the deliberate destruction of tissue by application of extreme cold. This review highlights on the various aspect like the different terms, techniques, principles and applications of cryotherapy. Cryotherapy now days getting popularity due to cure rate as well as the advancement in the equipments....
Experimental study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant potential of sodium alginate coated probiotic Lactobacilli casei against chromium (VI)-induced oxidative stress in blood of albino rats. Administration of chromium (Cr) VI significantly (p<0.05) decreased haemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and total leukocyte count (TLC). For MCHC value, no significant decrease was noticed in all groups. Leucocyte picture, revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in TLC along with neutrophilia, eosinophilia and lymphopaenia in Cr (VI) treated rats. Co-administration of coated probiotic Lactobacilli casei strain 17 reversed the Cr (VI)-induced changes....
An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the cardiotoxic effects in the progeny of dams treated with methimazole, monocrotophos and lead acetate. Female pregnant albino rats of Wistar Kyoto strain were divided into 5 groups and treated as follows from the day 3 of pregnancy till weaning of pups on post-natal day (PND) 21: Group 1 served as sham control, 2 received methimazole @ 0.02% in drinking water, 3 received monocrotophos (MCP; 0.3 mg/kg orally), 4 received lead acetate @ 0.2% in drinking water and 5 received MCP + lead acetate. Thyroid hormone profile was recorded on 14th day of gestation in dams. Eight pups from each group were euthanized on PND 21 and 90, and heart tissues were collected for analysis. TBARS, protein carbonyls and GSH of heart were studied on PND 21 and 90, while the lipid profile, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and troponins in serum, and the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase and Mg2+ATPase in the heart were studied on PND 90. T3, T4, HDL cholesterol, GSH, Na+ K+ ATPase and Mg2+ATPase were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased, while TSH, TBARS, protein carbonyls, total cholesterol, triglycerides, serum LDH and serum troponins were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in all the test groups as compared to group 1. From this study, it is concluded that both MCP and lead acetate have a possible influence on thyroid gland of dams as the thyroid profile was altered significantly and the cardiotoxic effects were comparable to those induced by methimazole....
The aim of the present study is to investigate anticonvulsant effect of the Tolperisone (10 mg/kg) on electrically and chemically induced seizures. The Tolperisone (10 mg/kg) of was studied for its anticonvulsant effect on maximal electroshock-induced seizures and Pentylenetetrazole and Isoniazid induced seizures in Rats. The latency of tonic convulsions and the number of animals protected from tonic convulsions were noted. Tolperisone significantly reduced the duration of seizures induced by maximal electroshock (MES). The same doses also protected animals from Pentylenetetrazole-induced tonic seizures and significantly delayed the onset of tonic seizures produced by Isoniazid. The data suggest that the Tolperisone may produce its anticonvulsant effects via non-specific mechanisms since it reduced the duration of seizures produced by maximal electroshock as well as delayed the latency of seizures produced by Pentylenetetrazole and Isoniazid....
In the present study, the effects of oral administration of imidacloprid over 4 weeks on body weight gain and haematological parameters were assessed. Forty eight male rats were divided into four groups of 12 animals each. Group 1 was control, group 2 was administered with imidacloprid at the rate of 80 mg/kg b.wt/day, group 3 was fed with vitamin C at the rate of 10 mg/kg/day and group 4 was treated with both imidacloprid and vitamin C. Body weight gain was significantly reduced in imidacloprid treated group animals. Haematological observations revealed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in TEC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC and a significant (P < 0.05) increase in TLC in group 2. A mild to moderate improvement in all parameters were observed in group 4 in comparison with group 2. In summary these results suggests that exposure to imidacloprid (80 mg/kg) induced alterations in body weight gain and haematological parameters and co-administration of vitamin- C brought moderate protection due to its antioxidant and free radical scavenging effect....
Current paper describes potential therapies available to treat Irritable bowel syndrome is a brain gut disorder characterized most commonly by cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea which is the most common and fatal disease. The pathophysiology provides the rationale for pharmacotherapy: abnormal gastrointestinal motor functions, visceral hypersensitivity, psychosocial factors, autonomic dysfunction, and mucosal immune activation. Understanding the mechanisms, and their mediators or modulators including neurotransmitters and receptors have led to several therapeutic approaches including agents acting on the serotonin receptor or serotonin transporter system, antidepressants, novel selective anticholinergics, a-adrenergic agonists, opioid agents, cholecystokinin-antagonists, neurokinin-antagonists, somatostatin receptor agonists, corticotropin releasing factor antagonists, chloride channel activators, guanylate cyclase-c agonists, melatonin, atypical benzodiazepines, antibiotics, immune modulators and probiotics. The mechanisms and current evidence regarding efficacy of these agents are reviewed....
Cytokines have been in the focus of scientific interest for more than a decade now. Analyzing their expression has enabled a better understanding the pathogenesis of various disease. An important role for cytokines in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes has been put forward over the recent years. Th1 cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α, TNF-α; interferon-γ, INF-γ and interleukin- 1β, IL-1β) are often associated with autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, whereas Th2 cytokines (IL-10 and IL-4) play a role in helminthic infections and allergy. In autoimmune diabetes, Th1 cytokines have been associated with a destructive insulitis and Th2 cytokines with a non-destructive insulitis and protection against disease. Cytokines increase antigen presentation on islet cells. The increase of antigen presentation increases the probability of immune surveillance as well as the presentation of auto antigens by islet beta cells. Growth factors are proteins that bind to receptors on the cell surface, with the primary result of activating cellular proliferation and /or differentiation. Many growth factors are quite versatile, stimulating cellular division in numerous different cell types; while others are specific to a particular cell type. The following are the commonly known growth factors like epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), transforming growth factor α (TGF-α), transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β), erythropoietin (EPO), insulin like growth factor-I& II (IGF-1&II) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). For future prospective cytokines and growth factor is very important in diabetes and its treatment....
The present study was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of Doxorubicin on sero-biohemical parameters in Wistar rats and their amelioration. Group1- Control, Group 2 - Doxorubicin – Toxic control given @ 2mg / kg body wt. by intravenous injection for 5 days followed by weekly once for 2 weeks, Group 3 - Pre treatment with ascorbic acid @ 500mg / kg feed by enteral route for 7 days followed by intravenous injection of Doxorubicin as mentioned in group 2. Ascorbic acid supplementation was continued during these 19 days, Group 4 - Pre treatment with Spirulina @ 1000mg / kg feed by enteral route for 7 days followed by intravenous injection of Doxorubicin as mentioned in group 2. Supplementation of Spirulina was continued during these 19 days. 100% mortality was recorded in group 2 on third day after 5th dose of doxorubicin and in group 3, 50% mortality was recorded. Hence, the experiment was terminated on day 8. The biochemical assays showed significant (P<0.05) increase in creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiac troponins (cTn), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in Doxorubicin treated rats. There was considerable amelioration in ascorbic acid and spirulina fed groups....
Simulation of ischemic stroke by the bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries in white rats resulted in the formation of the capillary network endothelial dysfunction IV-V cortical layers and cerebrum membrane vessels, the vascular plexus of the cerebrum ventricles, the central cerebri and the ophthalmic arteries branches, that was reflected a significant reduction in endotheliocytes densities, a decrease in the RNA concentration, expression of vaskular endotelial growth factor (VEGF) and a significant inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation activity index. Intraperitoneally "Lysiniy" appointment for 21-days at a dose of 50 mg / kg into rats with stroke led to increased endotheliocytes density of the cerebral cortex capillary network by 21% and the brain vascular wall by 21% and increased the RNA content in the endotheliocytes nucleus by 48% and 34% respectively on the 4th day of the experimental therapy. By the 21 day of lysine therapy there was an increasing of endotheliocytes density of the cerebral cortex capillary endothelial network by 32% and the brain vascular wall by 23% and increasing the RNA concentration in the endotheliocytes nucleus by 11% and 28%, increasing the proliferating endotheliocytes density in the vessels by 34 % and 42% and increasing the concentration of VEGF in the capillary network and the vessels of the brain by 21% and 40% respectively. The introduction of the reference drug "Piracetam" did not have endoteliotropic action....
Toll receptor is one type of Pattern Recognition Receptors meant for the recognition of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) involve in innate and adaptive immune response. Their modulation results in the malfunctioning of the immune system. As a result, toll receptor may mediate number of organ disorders. The disorders can be treated by the modulation of the pathway via toll like receptors. Toll like receptor specifically acts by the MYD88 dependent pathway and MYD88 independent pathway. Disorders evidenced to be mediated by the toll like receptors involve skin disorders, neurological, cardiac, respiratory, metabolic etc. The present article sites the role of these clever proteins (toll receptors) in the pathophysiology of various associated diseases....
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